Mahalobis distance in spss

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jYjBhqZMsfk&t=300s

Blindfolding

https://binged.it/2l6ko7o

Skewness and Kurtosis

http://imaging.mrc-cbu.cam.ac.uk/statswiki/FAQ/Simon?action=AttachFile&do=view&target=kurtosis.pdf

https://www.researchgate.net/post/What_is_the_acceptable_range_of_skewness_and_kurtosis_for_normal_distribution_of_data

Source:
Kim, H. Y. (2013). Statistical notes for clinical researchers: assessing normal distribution (2) using skewness and kurtosis. Restorative dentistry & endodontics, 38(1), 52-54.

1. For small samples (n < 50), if absolute z-scores for either skewness or kurtosis are larger than 1.96, which corresponds with a alpha level 0.05, then reject the null hypothesis and conclude the distribution of the sample is non-normal.

2. For medium-sized samples (50 < n < 300), reject the null hypothesis at absolute z-value over 3.29, which corresponds with a alpha level 0.05, and conclude the distribution of the sample is non-normal.


3. For sample sizes greater than 300, depend on the histograms and the absolute values of skewness and kurtosis without considering z-values. Either an absolute skew value larger than 2 or an absolute kurtosis (proper) larger than 7 may be used as reference values for determining substantial non-normality.

Source:
Brown, J. D. (1997). Skewness and kurtosis. Shiken: JALT testing & evaluation SIG.
". . . reporting the median along with the mean in skewed distributions is a generally good idea"



source : https://www.medcalc.org/manual/testsfornormaldistribution.php

Why we need to do log transformation ?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LCDiQxB5S84

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=57An8xx3WjA


https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=w72mHLg4TnE


Recommended ways to interpret log transform in linear regression analysis:
https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/sas/faq/how-can-i-interpret-log-transformed-variables-in-terms-of-percent-change-in-linear-regression/

An Update and Extension to SEM Guidelines for Administrative  and Social Science Research  By: David Gefen

https://www.researchgate.net/post/How_do_you_transform_a_non-normal_set_of_data_into_a_normal_distribution

GLM, paired sample t test

GLM
https://youtu.be/FhcP717lQrk

PAIRED SAMPLE T TEST
https://youtu.be/t9TI9rD96C0

Negetive t score
https://youtu.be/92VfI4TvyRw

http://www.csic.cornell.edu/Elrod/t-test/reporting-t-test.html

Normality test z score
https://youtu.be/IiedOyglLn0

Sample T-test

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qt-TlsY_b3k

Wilcoxon ranked test

https://youtu.be/WP8hOeJW_oc

Sign test before conducting wilcoxon

https://youtu.be/IcLSKko2tsg

Learning Arabic for learning Alquran

Episode 1 https://youtu.be/WWkO3VhecvE
Episode 2 https://youtu.be/2fESUUEX-Dc
Episode 3 https://youtu.be/h7ueJOfNt9E
Episode 4 https://youtu.be/ciDujdMyzIs
Episode 5 https://youtu.be/MVlg7tMKNrI
Episode 6 https://youtu.be/GJdFMdaW0U8
Episode 7 https://youtu.be/U4cQDcccSvU
Episode 8 https://youtu.be/EZIH9b4qAy0
Episode 9 https://youtu.be/hzDiL7byJ4M
Episode 10 https://youtu.be/vDwgJVUoLSc
Episode 11 https://youtu.be/lCYs1KxcpkE
Episode 12 https://youtu.be/mEAT80avBuo
Episode 13 https://youtu.be/6UBjuhS1v8Y
Episode 14 https://youtu.be/aG_hKeaZVhI
Episode 15 https://youtu.be/Npaxif0nvdE
Episode 16 https://youtu.be/AQpegtPblNc
Episode 17 https://youtu.be/ziICqe1RqqM
Episode 18 https://youtu.be/lSvRQADnNEQ
Episode 19 https://youtu.be/OtiOvaNV0YY
Episode 20 https://youtu.be/WyT45Sxei6k
Episode 22 https://youtu.be/7NRYFt1ZBRY
Episode 23 https://youtu.be/CbvJzs0rRu8
Episode 24 https://youtu.be/FMz2Pp79AWo

Learning English is Fun

http://clairyanda.blogspot.com/2015/03/today-we-would-like-to-learn-about.html

https://www.english-4u.de/tenses_exercises.html

Experimental Design

1 . Repeated measures

This type of design is also known as within groups.

https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html
https://explorable.com/counterbalanced-measures-design

https://crumplab.github.io/statistics/factorial-anova.html#x2-between-subjects-anova (posted : 14/11/2020)

https://stat-methods.com/home/wilcoxon-signed-rank-sas/

http://www.opentextbooks.org.hk/ditatopic/35422 (simultaneous within subject design)

Video 

https://academy.pubs.asha.org/2014/12/single-subject-experimental-design-an-overview/

Calculating generalised eta squared
https://github.com/jamovi/jamovi/issues/639

I need to find more on:

1. Repeated measures experimental design /
This type of design is also known as within groups
https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html

2. ANOVA and repeated measures

3. Counterbalance methods

For my Phd, use simultaneous within-subject experiment

read:https://opentextbc.ca/researchmethods/chapter/experimental-design/

4, Recommended effect size statistics
for repeated measures designs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYZSjy4RTPg

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/301801/generalized-eta-squared

Mixed methods

https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/developmentresources/research_ready/mixed_methods/choosing_design
https://slideplayer.com/slide/5987714/

Single-Subject Experimental Designs: Measuring Treatment Fidelity

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IQbI-xhQGnk

Repeated measures 

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YnTuI_0Ha_Y

Inter rater Reliability

1. Calculating Inter Rater Reliability/Agreement in Excel

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fq_LNTPgVF8

2. SPSS Tutorial: Inter and Intra rater reliability (Cohen's Kappa, ICC)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jJTx5rfnN-w

https://www.dropbox.com/s/qr8hnaa4fqdy8gx/Kappa%20CI%20calculator%20and%20SEM%20calculator%20.xlsx?dl=0

Calculator of measurement errors

https://www.dropbox.com/s/qr8hnaa4fqdy8gx/Kappa%20CI%20calculator%20and%20SEM%20calculator%20.xlsx?dl=0

https://www.researchgate.net/post/Intraclass_correlation_coefficient_when_data_are_not_normally_distributed

3 What is the difference between intra rater and inter rater relibility 

i.             Carry out a rank order correlation of the first and second sets of marks. 

       This is to check ‘intra-rater reliability’.

1. i.          Intra-rater reliability

	1st time		2nd time		d = R1-R2	d2
	Mark	Rank (R1)	Mark	Rank (R2)
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Student 5

ii.            Correlate the first set of marks with another person’s first set of marks. 

       This is to check ‘inter-rater reliability’.

1. ii.        Inter-rater reliability

	Own 1st time		Other 1st time		d = R1-R0	d2
	Mark	Rank (R1)	Mark	Rank (R0)
Student 1
Student 2
Student 3
Student 4
Student 5

Read more on :

Factors That Can Affect The Inter-rater Reliability

There are several factors that can affect inter-rater reliability

Knowledge background.
	v  Markers’ knowledge background is somehow a factor that can alter the reliability for marking process. It is because their views on certain issues may vary, thus affecting their agreement on the issues. This may lead to differences in evaluation during the marking.
Markers’ experience in marking.
		v  A group of markers’ with distinct differences in experiences may lead to disagreement among them. Experience may alter their perceptions towards candidates’ performances, thus becoming a major factor that can affect the inter-rater reliability.

Source:  http://rater-reliability.blogspot.com/

Further readings

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1Avl7DzKmnc

http://neoacademic.com/2011/11/16/computing-intraclass-correlations-icc-as-estimates-of-interrater-reliability-in-spss/

Experimental design

I need to find more on:

1. Repeated measures experimental design /
This type of design is also known as within groups
https://www.simplypsychology.org/experimental-designs.html

2. ANOVA and repeated measures

3. Counterbalance methods

4, Recommended effect size statistics
for repeated measures designs.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cYZSjy4RTPg

https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/301801/generalized-eta-squared

Find more on generalised eta squared